Overview
The Upper Mustang Trek is more than just a hiking adventure; it is a journey through history, culture, and breathtaking landscapes. Tucked away in the remote northern part of Nepal, Upper Mustang was once the forbidden kingdom of Lo, a region with deep-rooted Tibetan Buddhist traditions and ancient trade routes. This trek is a rare opportunity to witness a preserved culture, stunning desert-like landscapes, and centuries-old monasteries.
A Forbidden Kingdom
For centuries, Upper Mustang remained isolated from the rest of the world, preserving its unique culture and traditions. It was only in 1992 that the Nepalese government opened the region to limited trekking. Even today, it requires a special permit to enter, ensuring that its heritage remains protected. The region was once an essential part of the trans-Himalayan trade route, connecting Tibet with Nepal and India. This strategic location allowed Upper Mustang to flourish as an independent kingdom until it was incorporated into Nepal in the 18th century.
Journey to Lo Manthang: The Walled City
Lo Manthang, the capital of the former Mustang Kingdom, is one of the highlights of this trek. The walled city is home to ancient monasteries, royal palaces, and a way of life that has remained largely unchanged for centuries. The four main monasteries—Jampa, Thubchen, Chode, and Choprang—hold immense religious significance and showcase exquisite Tibetan Buddhist art.
The streets of Lo Manthang are lined with traditional whitewashed houses, and the local people, known as Loba, continue to practice their customs and rituals as their ancestors did. The King’s Palace, a four-story mud-brick structure, stands as a testament to the region’s regal history.
Ancient Caves and Mysterious Wall Paintings
One of the most intriguing aspects of Upper Mustang is its network of ancient caves. These man-made cave complexes, carved into cliffs, date back over 2,000 years. The caves served various purposes—some as meditation chambers, others as burial sites, and some even as living quarters. The most famous caves are found in Chhoser, a short distance from Lo Manthang.
The region is also home to remarkable wall paintings and murals depicting Buddhist deities and historical events. These paintings, found in monasteries such as Luri Gompa, provide insights into the spiritual and artistic heritage of the region.
Himalayan Desert
Unlike the lush green trails of the Everest or Annapurna regions, Upper Mustang offers a striking contrast with its arid and desert-like terrain. The landscape is characterized by deep canyons, eroded cliffs, and colorful rock formations. The Kali Gandaki River, which carves through the region, creates a dramatic backdrop for trekkers. Despite the harsh environment, the region supports small settlements where locals practice traditional agriculture and animal husbandry.
Tibetan Buddhist Influence
Buddhism is deeply ingrained in the culture of Upper Mustang. Prayer flags flutter in the wind, and chortens (stupas) dot the landscape. The Tiji Festival, held annually in Lo Manthang, is one of the most significant events in the region. This three-day festival, featuring masked dances and rituals, commemorates the victory of good over evil. It is a spectacular display of Mustang’s living traditions and attracts travelers from around the world.
Trekking Route and Itinerary
The Upper Mustang Trek typically starts from Jomsom, which is accessible by flight or road from Pokhara. From Jomsom, trekkers make their way through Kagbeni, the gateway to Upper Mustang, before ascending through villages such as Chele, Syangboche, and Ghami.
A standard itinerary includes:
- Day 1: Flight from Pokhara to Jomsom, trek to Kagbeni (2,800m)
- Day 2: Trek from Kagbeni to Chele (3,050m)
- Day 3: Trek from Chele to Syangboche (3,800m)
- Day 4: Trek from Syangboche to Ghami (3,520m)
- Day 5: Trek from Ghami to Tsarang (3,560m)
- Day 6: Trek from Tsarang to Lo Manthang (3,840m)
- Day 7: Exploration day in Lo Manthang (Visit monasteries and caves)
- Day 8: Trek from Lo Manthang to Drakmar (3,810m)
- Day 9: Trek from Drakmar to Ghiling (3,570m)
- Day 10: Trek from Ghiling to Chhusang (2,980m)
- Day 11: Trek from Chhusang to Jomsom (2,720m)
- Day 12: Flight from Jomsom to Pokhara
Permits and Regulations
Since Upper Mustang is a restricted area, trekkers require a special permit to enter. The permits include:
- Restricted Area Permit (RAP): USD 500 per person for the first 10 days and USD 50 per day thereafter.
- Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP): Required as part of the trek passes through the Annapurna region.
These regulations help preserve the cultural and environmental integrity of the region while limiting the number of visitors.
Best Time to Trek Upper Mustang
The best time to trek on the Upper Mustang is during spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November). Unlike other trekking regions in Nepal, Upper Mustang is situated in the rain shadow of the Himalayas, making it accessible even during the monsoon months of June to August.
Why Trek Upper Mustang?
1. A Journey Back in Time
The region’s isolation has allowed its ancient customs and traditions to survive untouched. Trekking here feels like stepping back into a forgotten era.
2. Unique Landscape
The barren, windswept terrain of Upper Mustang offers a dramatic contrast to Nepal’s typical lush greenery. It is a paradise for those who appreciate rugged, otherworldly landscapes.
3. Rich Cultural Heritage
The monasteries, cave dwellings, and Buddhist traditions make Upper Mustang a fascinating destination for cultural enthusiasts and history buffs.
4. Off-the-Beaten-Path Adventure
Unlike more popular treks such as Everest Base Camp or Annapurna Circuit, Upper Mustang sees fewer tourists, offering a more peaceful and immersive experience.
5. The Tiji Festival Experience
For those visiting in May, witnessing the Tiji Festival is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to experience Mustang’s vibrant culture and religious traditions.
Conclusion
The Upper Mustang Trek is a remarkable journey through history, culture, and natural beauty. It offers an unparalleled opportunity to explore a hidden kingdom that has remained relatively untouched by modernization. Whether you are drawn by its ancient monasteries, dramatic landscapes, or the spirit of adventure, Upper Mustang promises an unforgettable trekking experience. For those seeking a trek that combines history, spirituality, and breathtaking scenery, Upper Mustang is truly a gem waiting to be discovered.
